Comparing the Innocent Criminal in Black Boy, Uncle Toms Children, Nat

The Innocent Criminal in Black Boy, Uncle Tom's Children, Native Son, and The Outsider   â It is likely a unimportant mishap that I never murdered, Richard Wright remarked casually in a meeting with Robert Moss (596).â After perusing a few of Wright's works, one can without much of a stretch comprehend what Wright implies by this statement.â In his books Black Boy, Uncle Tom's Children, Native Son, and The Outsider, Wright proposes that white society has changed individuals of color into criminals.â The wellspring of this case originates from Wright's own encounters as a Negro in the Deep South.â Whether pushed to wrongdoing from need or for individual satisfaction and self-acknowledgment, the heroes of Wright's works are guiltless crooks; they realize that a definitive wrongdoing for which they are being rebuffed is the wrongdoing of being black.â Circumstances made by a supremacist social request place the characters in terrible places that constrain them into wretched exercises.   â â â â â â In his personal novel, Black Boy, Wright bolsters this hypothesis utilizing himself as an example.â In the custom of the slave self-portrayal, Black Boy gives subtleties of Wright's life from youth to his appearance in Chicago.â As Joyce Ann Joyce says, Black Boy:   â â ...is a reasonable and idyllic record of the yearning Wright suffered as a kid, hisâ â â â closeness to his mom, the impact of his mom's sickness, his issues with his dad, his dad's abandonment, the viciousness he encountered from his mom's family members, his adoration for words and books, his disclosure of prejudice and his creating racial awareness, his battle against his mom's and grandma's religion, his inadequate instruction, ... what's more, the improvement of his uniqueness... ...chard Wright.â New York: Harcourt, 1969.â Rpt. in  â â â â â â â â â â Richard Wright's Native Son: Modern Critical Interpretations.â New York: Chelsea House, 1988. Greenery, Robert F.â Confined Misery.â Saturday Review.â Jan. 21, 1978, 45-7.â Rpt. in Contemporary Literary Criticism. Vol. 14.â Detroit: Gale, 1980. Skerrett, Joseph T., Jr.â Forming Bigger: Wright and the Making of Native Son. in Richard Wright's  â â â â â â â â â â Native Son:â Modern Critical Interpretations.â New York: Chelsea House, 1988. Wright, Richard.â Black Boy.â New York: Harper, 1944. _____.â How Bigger Was Born.â Saturday Review.â June 1, 1940, n.pag.â Rpt. in Native Son.â New  â â â â â â â â â â York: Harper, 1940. _____.â Native Son.â New York: Harper, 1940. _____.â The Outsider.â New York: Harper, 1953. _____.â Uncle Tom's Children.â New York: Harper, 1936.

Looking At The Storys Behind Indian Art Cultural Studies Essay

Taking a gander At The Storys Behind Indian Art Cultural Studies Essay I plan to do explore on the Indian people works of art, their styles, various images and structures just as the specific situation and social foundations. I will concentrate on MDAHUBANI PAINTINGS, a society craftsmanship started from North India. This exploration will assist me with understanding the attributes of these works of art, which will motivate my activity story and visual style. The narrative of Indian craftsmanship is additionally the tale of one of the most established and strongest societies on earth. Since its commencement, Indian workmanship has joined neighborhood custom with outside impacts, and has developed alongside a human advancement, which has been surprisingly imaginative in all territories. As in each culture, craftsmanship has been a reflection of Indias intriguing history from the earliest starting point, reflecting strict convictions, political occasions, and social traditions. Particularly in people expressions we locate a convincing and lovely record of hundreds of years of Indian culture. Prologue to Indian Folk Arts The to some degree lesser-known customs of Indian canvas are the alleged society artistic creations going back to a period that might be alluded to as ageless. These are living conventions, characteristically connected with the provincial notable social settings from which they emerge. It has a deep rooted legacy that can be followed back to the start of human progress on this subcontinent [1]. It started with cavern canvases, with the characteristic colors so solid that they can at present be seen today on the dividers of the caverns after hundreds of years. The people and inborn canvas originate from the remote country and ancestral districts. Some of the time the craftsmen of these provincial works are not taught. They come up short on the fundamental way to go to schools, and as they are talented with such wonderful mean of articulation commonly. The different work of art structures originating from these locales started as a composition as well as a strict and social custom perf ormed day by day. It started with painting the dividers and floor of mud houses. They shroud the conviction this sanitized the climate and satisfied the divinities. Different strict and images were in this way observed inside the work of art. The term society compositions here envelops pictures made in Indian towns by the two people, for ornamentation of their homesteads, depictions of their divine beings and for their different customs; and, by nearby expert painters or craftsmans for utilization of the neighborhood individuals. Every one of these works of art were created in an assortment of styles and subjects. History, human science and geology implanted the artistic creation of every district with neighborhood flavor. Their style and quality relied upon the materials accessible in the spot in which they were executed, these very factors that assists with distinguishing the district. People craftsmanship might be characterized as the workmanship made among bunches that exist inside the system of existing society, at the same time, for topographical and social reasons, are to a great extent isolated from the complex and social reasons, and the advancements of their time. Subsequently, they produce particular styles and items for nearby needs and tastes. In society convention, craftsmanship is sustenance to the every day life of the individuals. Regardless of whether he is a TAMILNADU (an Indian state) [2] potter who makes an enormous earthenware AIYANAR (model in Appendix. Pic.1) or a MADHYA PRADESH (an Indian state) [2] inborn who makes PITHORA painting (model in Appendix. Pic.2), right now of creation, the destitution stricken, ignorant society, turns into an ace specialties man who can make superb plastic and visual structures with an innovative virtuoso gave over to him by ages. Geology and topography also have power over the mode of craftsmanship. On account of UTTAR PRADESH (an Indian state) [2], we can discover society works of art on the dividers of the houses. Though in ASSAM (an Indian state) [2], one can't discover divider artistic creations in light of the fact that the vast majority of the dividers of the house are worked with stick or bamboo. The people and innate customs, consider all materials accessible in everyday life are deserving of filling in as a vehicle of articulation. In such manner, craftsman essayist, HAKU SHAH composes, When an ancestral contacts a piece of sod, gourd or globule, fiber, twig, grain, pin, plastic catch, conch shell, quill, leaf of blossom, he sees through it, smells it, hears it, and in that begins the custom of being with it [3]. Each piece of the nation with its own trees and plants, flying creatures and creatures, slopes and dales has propelled Indian people specialists to have various allegories, arrangement of images and endless pictures to assemble a rich fortune place of craftsmanship. Coming up next are the regular expressive characters in people craftsmanship: Inclination for straightforward diagram and decision of ordinarily illustrative lines; A rearrangements of hues and volumes with the goal that concealing is dispensed with; Stylization of themes to make beautiful components; and Redundancy of lines, of whole figures, of spots for serious or rhythmical purposes. Following is the rundown of a portion of the fundamental people expressions from various pieces of India Madhubani Painting People craft of Madhubani from the Mithila locale [2] of north India. There are various styles created by various positions of the area. (Models in Appendix Pic.16a 16h) Thanka Painting Joining the brilliant excellence with otherworldly vision, Tankha is painting exclusively devoted to Buddha and his lessons. These speak to how the Buddhists see the universe. It is for the most part in eight layers with the upper most layers or part delineating a god. The rest seven are the different components of the universe like, fire, earth, space, water and air. Vivid and geometrical, these are numerous a period seen as the premise of sanctuary engineering. These works of art are finished with devotion, focus, and energy and furthermore with the profound strict sentiment of accomplishing something straightforwardly related with the preeminent force. (Model in Appendix Pic.3a, 3b) Patachitra Painting Indian craftsmanship Patachitra is a pre-Islamic type of strict workmanship. It originates from the eastern Indian state Orissa [2]. Hindu divine beings and goddesses and other fanciful scenes are painted on a cowhide like surface made of a few layers of old cotton stuck together. (Model in Appendix Pic.4a, 4b) Kalamkari Painting Kalamkari Literally significance pen-work, it is the strict painting on fabric with squares and wax oppose, from the sanctuary town of KALAHASTHI in southeast ANDHRA PRADESH [2]. (Model in Appendix Pic.5a, 5b) Warli Painting Warli is an ancestral network from MAHARASHTRA, India [2]. They have made a critical commitment to the legacy of Indian ancestral craftsmanship. Done by the two people, these works of art demonstrate their commitment to the nature and the superpower. (Model in Appendix Pic.6a, 6b) Gond Painting Inborn artwork, Gond is a freehand articulation of the Gond clans of MADHYA PRADESH, India [2]. Painted freehand, these two dimensional artistic creations mirror their view of life. The third measurement, the profundity is continually ailing in these works of art mirroring the effortlessness of the craftsman. At times these artistic creations likewise tell how bright their creative mind can be. They put hues to the blandest manifestations of the nature now and again. (Model in Appendix Pic.7a, 7b) Batik Painting Batik, wax oppose painting from WEST BENGAL, India [2]. Which means wax-painting in Javanese, it started in Indonesia and later restored in WEST BENGAL, India. The innovativeness of the skilled dyers has given it a new definition. The standard of batik is a basic one, wax or a comparably safe substance, for example, rice glue is utilized to make examples or themes on material before it is colored or shaded somehow or another. At the point when the wax is at long last fit to be taken off, the immaculate fabric underneath it stands apart as the first shade of the material. (Model in Appendix Pic.8a, 8b) Small Painting People craftsmanship smaller than expected artistic creations roused by the agile sentimental way of life of the Mughals [4]. These artworks give each second in turn and in minute subtleties. The affection scenes, the court scenes, different single ladies, creatures, blossoms all were firmly watched and recreated at the same time. (Model in Appendix Pic.9a, 9b) Santhal Art The Santhal clan, one of the renowned clans having a place with the Bihar territory of India [2], has a run of the mill style of painting, known as Santhal artistic creations. The assemblages of the different structures that they paint are only from time to time or maybe never in one shade, they are constantly striped, spotted or loaded up with some other geometrical example. They are done on a carefully assembled paper with banner hues. The themes are chosen from the normal environmental factors or just from the happenings of their everyday lives. (Model in Appendix Pic.10a, 10b) Phad Art RAJASHTAN, an Indian state [2], the place where there is hues is known for Phad painting, which is done on material. This sort of painting is for the most part found in the BHILWARA locale. The primary subject of these works of art is the delineation of nearby divinities and their accounts, and legends of recent neighborhood rulers. Phad is a kind of parchment painting. These works of art are made while utilizing splendid and unpretentious hues. (Model in Appendix Pic.11a, 11b) Yantra Tantra workmanship or yantra is utilized as an instrument or vehicle of spotlight on a god while reflecting. It is utilized while performing strict functions. It is a graphical portrayal of geometrical or conceptual pictures, for example, triangles, squares, pentagons, hexagons or circles. (Model in Appendix Pic.12a, 12b) Chittara Chittara, which means picture is a statement of the town specialists of KARNATAKA India [2]. Chittara is done on high quality paper. This paper is covered with mud first and afterward the ideal shade of the foundation is given to it by different hues extricated from the regular items. The shading red is obtained by granulating an exceptional red stone, the shading dark is secured by crushing consumed rice and absorbing it water for barely any days, mud and rice glue gives white. (Model in Appendix Pic.13a, 13b) Prologue to MADHUBANI Paintings Painting is commonly done by society specialists or old style craftsmen in three different ways: divider painting (BHITTI-CITRA), canvas-

How to Study Effectively

How to Study Effectively How to Study Effectively: Expert Advice to Help You Ace Any Exam or Test How to Study Effectively: Expert Advice to Help You Ace Any Exam or Test Learning how to study effectively can feel like some kind of an acquired skill. There’s nothing worse than sitting in front of your study notes, trying to figure out how this will possibly fit in your brain, and losing all motivation to even begin in the first place. When it comes time for exam preparation, or for that end-of-term test, give yourself the best fighting chance at getting great grades and acing your class. That begins with the right study skills and habits. Luckily, we’ve got a lot of experts on our team who have the best study tips and advice, and we’re going to walk you through every step to show you how to study better, smarter, and more effectively. With our help, you’ll walk into that exam room like you own the place. Don’t worry. It may seem like a lot. But with the right learning and preparation, you can handle even the most unexpected questions. Ready to learn the secrets of how to study effectively and ace your next test or exam? Let’s get started. Get Your Head in the Study Zone First and foremost, you need to be mentally prepared. You can’t be constantly thinking about what happened on last night’s episode of Riverdale while trying to pack your brain with your history notes. That just doesn’t work. Forget about Archie and Jughead for a little while. They’ll be there when you’re done studying. Start each study session by setting goals. What do you hope to accomplish? Do you need to study for one cumulative exam, or are you trying to nail down particular subjects at a time? This will help you figure out how you’re going to use your study time and stay on track to complete your list. It’s also a good way to determine which of your study goals are your priorities, and which things to focus on first. Next, it’s time to get focused. Most importantly, find your motivation. Your goals should be the first step. The next is preparing to dive in. Getting Motivated: How to Study Effectively When You Really Don’t Want to Sometimes it’s hard to get motivated to study. Realistically, no one actually likes to study. In fact, study time is about as appealing as getting food poisoning. But we all have to do it, and it’s just a part of the learning process. That being said, we’re all motivated by something. Getting good grades is usually the key motivator when it comes to honing in on your study skills. That’s a good enough reason for most of us to roll out of bed and open up the books. To help yourself stay on track, develop good study habits. Some of our most effective expert tips include getting enough sleep and keeping your phone on airplane mode during every study session. When you’re not really motivated to study, your phone is a major distraction. It’s easy to just check that one thing one more time before you start. No matter what you think, it won’t just be one thing to check. You’ll end up down a YouTube rabbit hole like the best of us. Just turn it off. Another great way to develop good study habits is to take breaks. Stop and treat yourself at appropriate times, such as between subjects or when you’ve completed an assignment. Giving yourself a reward every so often can help keep you focused on your study material. However, make sure this isn’t always a sugary or fatty treat. A few candies here and there are fine, but too much sugar or fat and you’ll interrupt your brain’s learning process. If snacking on carrots and hummus while studying doesn’t really appeal to you, try giving yourself a reward that isn’t food related, like 15 minutes to play Candy Crush or sending a few Snapchats to your friends (but turn your phone back off when time is up). Find The Right Study Setting One of the most important steps in learning how to study effectively is finding a study spot where you can focus and avoid distractions. Just like a good movie, setting is key. According to ThoughtCo, the top nine places to study include the library, bookstores, coffee shops, parks, empty classrooms, your bedroom, and community centers. Your study spot has to be something that works for you. Just because your friend likes to go to the library to study doesn’t mean that will work for you, too. Consider where you’re going to be the least distracted, and where you feel the most at ease. Maybe this is your bedroom, or maybe it’s a cozy spot in the student center. Part of learning to study smart is learning where you are the most focused. If you’re a people watcher, don’t study in public spaces. There is just way too much going on to really get into your work. The same thing goes if you’re a big snacker. Studying at a coffee shop can be a great, peaceful way to get work done, but if you’re just going to keep getting up to buy cookies and chugging caffeine the whole time, maybe it isn’t the best study spot. Likewise, if you have noisy roommates or your friends are constantly popping by, your bedroom might not work, either. Wherever your study spot is, comfort is key. If you’re not comfortable, you’re just going to start shifting around and getting distracted trying to find a better position. Once you’ve found that study spot, it’s time to get organized and form some great study habits. Organize Your Study Space Once you have your setting in mind, it’s time to get organized. Staying organized is incredibly beneficial for your mind and, more importantly, your productivity. Your workspace is ultimately a reflection of your study habits. The more organized your space is, the less distractions there are, which means more study time and less of that other stuff. You know, the stuff you do to kill time and procrastinate. The first thing you need is enough space on your desk to lay out your textbooks, assignment materials, and anything else that might be relevant. If you don’t have space, you’re going to end up spending more time figuring out where things will stay than actually studying. Make sure you have all of your materials on hand as well. If you start looking for things as you go, you’ll increase your chances of being distracted, which makes it harder to get back on track when you go back to your study notes. To prepare for your study session, gather all of the materials you think you’ll need ahead of time, and put it all together in a container. This way, you can reach for things as you need them without digging around. Time Management: The Downfall of Many College Students Okay, so you’ve organized your desk or work space and you’re ready for the next step in learning how to study effectively. That would be time management. Even just hearing those words is enough to make people shudder, but the truth is this is a necessary study skill that you will use for the rest of your life. You may as well nail it down now, while you’re learning in school. Use a Physical Calendar or Wall Planner For Your Study Schedule You may think it’s easier to keep track of everything on your phone or iCal, but having everything laid out in a physical calendar you can hang on your wall can help you visualize and plan. It’s really easy to miss tasks and reminders when you’re relying only on your phone. A wall or desk planner is a useful tool for creating a study schedule that gives you enough time for breaks and a social life in between. This tells you exactly when your study time is, and helps you plan out everything you need to do. Guess what? Those rewards that we were talking about before can be added to your study schedule too, so you have a goal you know you’re working towards. But don’t let your rewards take over the rest of your planning. Tips and Tricks to Help With Time Management Here are some helpful time management tips and tricks that you may want to use: ? Don’t try to multitask. This negatively affects your ability to focus on the task at hand. ? Avoid leaving everything to the last minute. ? Set study time limits for each task and use a timer to stay on track. ? Get enough sleep. Your body needs a good amount of sleep to be able to concentrate and work to its fullest potential. ? Relax! That’s what breaks are for. ? Don’t overcommit yourself and let your study schedule suffer. If you don’t have time for something, you don’t have time for it. Just say no. ? Make a checklist. This tells you what you still have left to do, and you’ll feel a sense of accomplishment and pride when you check things off. Study Smart: Lay it All Out Lay out each individual task for each exam or assignment. Don’t just write “study for history paper.” Write down each book you need to read, which notes you have to go over, and when the due dates are. Try to estimate how much time it takes to do each thing so you can effectively include it in your study schedule. If you have certain exams or class subjects that you know will need more study time than others, this is how you can determine where to prioritize. When you visualize how much work you actually have to do, this can help with time management. It’s one thing to know which tests you have and when your exams are, but it’s another thing to actually see it and realize how much study time you’ll need to set aside for each test. An important thing to note is don’t leave your biggest goal for the last thing in your study schedule or your checklist. You may want to put a bunch of little things first so you have more to check off and can feel more accomplished, but if you leave those big things until the end you’re more likely to feel overwhelmed than anything. Mnemonic Devices Mnemonic Devices are a common way for people to study material and remember information. They can come in a variety of forms, such as acronyms, rhymes, and songs. In fact, you’ve probably used them at least once before. Have you ever stopped to use Roy G. Biv to list out the colors of the rainbow? That is a mnemonic device. What about SOHCAHTOA from high school math class? That’s another common one. Make up your own mnemonic device to help you remember important concepts or the order of things that you know are going to be on your exam. Poems and songs are most effective because they trigger the acoustic encoding in our brains and last longer in our memories. That’s why you’ve always got a song stuck in your head. Let’s try and get the right song stuck in there. Using Study Groups Another way to learn how to study effectively is to use study groups, but only if they work for you. Study groups aren’t the right fit for everyone. If you’re an easily distracted social butterfly and would be tempted to chat, you could end up breaking everyone else’s study habits, too. Some people prefer to study alone, and if that is what makes you study more effectively, then you should stick to that. The Advantages of Studying Together One of the best aspects of a study group is having other people there who are in the same situation as you. Not only do those other people help you stay in the study zone, but you can also use them as tools. Other people can help you stay focused because you’re all accountable together. They can also help you with your study notes and fill in any gaps you may have missed from class. Try quizzing each other. Quizzing one another and taking practice tests are great ways to really tell if you’ve learned the material or are ready to actually take the exam. You could have a family member or friend quiz you, but it’s easier when it comes from someone in your actual class who is also trying to learn the material. How to Find A Study Group Creating or joining a study group isn’t hard when you approach it the right way. Ask the people in your class if they’d like to study with you. This could be a brief chit chat as everyone is packing up to leave, or settling in before the professor arrives. You could also start a Facebook group and find people in your class who you may not speak to otherwise, and then use Facebook to coordinate meeting times. Check out our blog on how to organize a study group for more tips and pointers. If you want to know if there are already study groups that you can join, just ask around. Talk to someone at your student center. Sometimes they have resources you can use to make connections and join in on group study sessions. Ask classmates what they do to study and see if they already have a group they’d be willing to let you join. Speak up and you will find it. What the Science Says There are some scientific methods to studying that have been shown through academic research to help you learn how to study effectively and improve test scores. Here are some of the most effective and well known methods that you can try. The Feynman Notebook Method If you’ve ever watched the Big Bang Theory, you know who Richard Feynman is. He is a physics god â€" one of the most important physicists in history and a Nobel Prize winner. Well, Feynman developed a technique for learning difficult or confusing concepts that can help your study skills. The Feynman Technique, also known as the Feynman Notebook Method, begins with a blank notebook. On the title page, he would write, “Notebook of Things I Don’t Know About.” Then, at the top of each page, he would write a topic he wasn’t familiar with. Next, he’d write everything he knew about that topic, and then would continue to add to the page in his own words when he learned more about it. The point of this is to explain complex material in ways that make sense to you. Then, you can go back during your study session and review the areas where you know you’re having trouble. The Pomodoro Technique The Pomodoro Technique, developed by Francesco Cirillo, is a time management method where you use a timer to break down study sessions into intervals. Each interval is called a pomodoro, and there is a small break between each one. Think of it like reps of weights at the gym. Four pomodoros generally make up one study session for one specific task. You can take a bigger break after four pomodoros if you’re ready to move on to the next task. At Homework Help Global, we strive to provide as much help as we can to students who need it most. To learn more about the Pomodoro Technique, check out episode 13 of The Homework Help Show. In this episode, our host, Cath Anne, digs into developing good study habits using this method for productivity. The Leitner System Named after Sebastian Leitner, who developed the system, The Leitner System is essentially the use of flashcards for studying. This is a good technique to help your study skills because it boosts memorization and cognitive function. Many of us are familiar with using flashcards, but with the Leitner System, the goal is to keep the flashcards simple and straightforward so it’s easy to focus on certain concepts. Active Recall Active Recall is simple, but effective. It’s all about stimulating your brain while you’re reading or studying the material to promote long-term memory. After every section or chapter you read, close your book and review what you just read. Repeat to yourself some of the important information you just read. This way, instead of just reading something and forgetting it, you’re now actively learning it and will actually know it when it comes time to take your exam. Not really sure what this means? That’s what we’re here for. To learn more about Active Recall, watch episode 40 of the Homework Help Show where, Cath Anne puts it in context and tells you how to incorporate it with your study habits. Acing Exam Preparation Okay, so you’ve gotten the gist of how to study effectively and now the big day is right around the corner. When it comes time to get ready for your exam, you might want to consider some extra preparation tips to be as prepared as possible. ? Plan out exam day. The last thing you want to do is be rushing around and building up your anxiety about getting there on time. ? Bring water with you and stay hydrated. ? Don’t wake up and roll out of bed for a morning exam. Wake up early to give your brain time to kick into high gear. ? Collect all of the materials you need, such as pens or pencils, and bring extras just incase. ? Eat a healthy breakfast. ? Don’t forget your student card and ID. ? Slow down and breathe. You’ve got this! Cramming and Last-Minute Studying Don’t Work You shouldn’t leave everything to the last minute, but sometimes things come up and it happens. In fact, some people do believe that they study better when they cram. If you’re starting to run out of study time, you may feel like you need to have some tricks up your sleeve in preparation, but it’s not going to work the way you want it to. Learning how to study effectively in crunch time is nearly impossible. You need to give your brain time to process the information. If you run out of study time and are in a rush to get everything crammed in, often you’ll end up focusing on how you’re running out of time and forgetting what you crammed. In fact, cramming in a study session can actually cause more harm than good. Use your study schedule and plan out your time management and you won’t have to cram in the first place. Helpful (And Free) Study Apps Where would we be without smartphone apps? Since you can find an app for almost anything, it’s no surprise there are plenty of apps for Android and iPhone that can help you learn how to study better and improve your study habits. Here are some of the top rated apps. Evernote: This is a helpful app for taking notes, as it lets you add your own attachments, audio clips, and even checklists to your class notes. The free version lets you connect two different devices, so you can take notes on your laptop in class and then see them later on your phone. Quizlet For Mobile: The goal of Quizlet is to help you study smart. With the free version, you can create interactive quizzes and flashcards that can help you with learning new subjects or nailing down your material. MyStudyLife: Essentially, this is a calendar app designed specifically for students to help you keep track of assignments, due dates, classes, and other projects. It can work in conjunction with your wall planner so you can check your schedule while you’re on the go. SimpleMind: A good study tip is to create a mind map to go over what you already know and what topics you need to spend more time on. The SimpleMind app helps you create those mind maps and see them in a nice, visually appealing way. If you want to learn about more apps that can help make your overall life easier as a college student outside of learning how to study effectively, check out our favorite apps for college students. There’s always an app for everyone. Exercising and Your Brain Boost your brainpower and prep for studying by exercising beforehand. Getting some exercise pumps more oxygen to your brain, which can in turn stimulate it and help it function. This can also help your brain release more hormones, which stimulate cell growth. When it comes to learning new things or remembering study topics, that’s your goal. Just don’t try to memorize your material while you’re working out. Many students try to cram in a study session at the gym by bringing their notes and reading them while on the treadmill or elliptical. Give yourself a break and allow your mind to focus on one thing at a time, and sweat it out. Hit the books when you’re done. As a bonus, exercising and your mental health are directly connected. Exercise is shown to be capable of helping cope with the symptoms of depression and anxiety, among other conditions. So when it gets close to exam time and you’re feeling anxious or stressed, hit the treadmill for a little bit. Stress Relief in and Out of Your Study Sessions Exam preparation and tough study sessions can be stressful. The problem with stress is that it can have negative effects on the brain and can actually impact your study success. It’s okay to feel stressed to some degree, because that’s a part of life, especially during exam time. However, when you are experiencing significantly higher levels of stress, this can be harmful to your physical and mental health. You can lose your ability to concentrate, become depressed, and even suffer headaches or stomach pains. Try diffusing some essential oils or lighting incense (carefully) during your study session. Of course, you won’t be able to do this if you’re studying in a common space. But this can help you concentrate and de-stress. Taking regular breaks is also a good way to relieve stress. It’s important to make sure you are de-stressing in other ways, not just during study time. In fact, studying can also lead to unwanted stress for many students. Check out some of these easy ways to de-stress in college for some helpful ideas to try. A Few Final Study Tips Before You Get Started Here are some final study tips that can be helpful to remember as you try to make the most out of your study time. ? Stay hydrated while you’re studying. ? Eat brain food â€" foods that are high in protein, vitamins, and other nutrients help increase concentration and memory. ? Read about our favorite secrets for acing multiple choice tests. ? Don’t listen to music during your study session. Studies have shown that listening to music while studying can lead to poor performance. If you must have music, choose classical songs without any lyrics. ? Switch up your study space if you start to get bored. Figured Out How to Study Effectively, But Still Need Some Extra Assignment Help? We’re Here For You Sometimes all of your assignments, homework, and study sessions can pile up and become too overwhelming. That’s okay â€" we all need a little help sometimes. That’s what Homework Help Global is here for. We’re here to help you learn how to study effectively in any way we can. But when you’re out of ideas and motivation, that’s our time to shine. Homework Help Global is a network of highly educated, experienced academic writers who are on hand to help you with your schoolwork. Whatever the subject is, we have someone on our team ready to provide you with a custom paper, free from plagiarism and formatted to your specific requirements or guidelines. Order custom written essays and assignments, book reports, and even online exams. Whether you’re too busy with study sessions to write your assignments, or you have so much on your plate you haven’t even thought about studying yet, get in touch with us for a quote and to order now. We will help you make your life a lot easier and less stressful. How to Study Effectively How to Study Effectively: Expert Advice to Help You Ace Any Exam or Test How to Study Effectively: Expert Advice to Help You Ace Any Exam or Test Learning how to study effectively can feel like some kind of an acquired skill. There’s nothing worse than sitting in front of your study notes, trying to figure out how this will possibly fit in your brain, and losing all motivation to even begin in the first place. When it comes time for exam preparation, or for that end-of-term test, give yourself the best fighting chance at getting great grades and acing your class. That begins with the right study skills and habits. Luckily, we’ve got a lot of experts on our team who have the best study tips and advice, and we’re going to walk you through every step to show you how to study better, smarter, and more effectively. With our help, you’ll walk into that exam room like you own the place. Don’t worry. It may seem like a lot. But with the right learning and preparation, you can handle even the most unexpected questions. Ready to learn the secrets of how to study effectively and ace your next test or exam? Let’s get started. Get Your Head in the Study Zone First and foremost, you need to be mentally prepared. You can’t be constantly thinking about what happened on last night’s episode of Riverdale while trying to pack your brain with your history notes. That just doesn’t work. Forget about Archie and Jughead for a little while. They’ll be there when you’re done studying. Start each study session by setting goals. What do you hope to accomplish? Do you need to study for one cumulative exam, or are you trying to nail down particular subjects at a time? This will help you figure out how you’re going to use your study time and stay on track to complete your list. It’s also a good way to determine which of your study goals are your priorities, and which things to focus on first. Next, it’s time to get focused. Most importantly, find your motivation. Your goals should be the first step. The next is preparing to dive in. Getting Motivated: How to Study Effectively When You Really Don’t Want to Sometimes it’s hard to get motivated to study. Realistically, no one actually likes to study. In fact, study time is about as appealing as getting food poisoning. But we all have to do it, and it’s just a part of the learning process. That being said, we’re all motivated by something. Getting good grades is usually the key motivator when it comes to honing in on your study skills. That’s a good enough reason for most of us to roll out of bed and open up the books. To help yourself stay on track, develop good study habits. Some of our most effective expert tips include getting enough sleep and keeping your phone on airplane mode during every study session. When you’re not really motivated to study, your phone is a major distraction. It’s easy to just check that one thing one more time before you start. No matter what you think, it won’t just be one thing to check. You’ll end up down a YouTube rabbit hole like the best of us. Just turn it off. Another great way to develop good study habits is to take breaks. Stop and treat yourself at appropriate times, such as between subjects or when you’ve completed an assignment. Giving yourself a reward every so often can help keep you focused on your study material. However, make sure this isn’t always a sugary or fatty treat. A few candies here and there are fine, but too much sugar or fat and you’ll interrupt your brain’s learning process. If snacking on carrots and hummus while studying doesn’t really appeal to you, try giving yourself a reward that isn’t food related, like 15 minutes to play Candy Crush or sending a few Snapchats to your friends (but turn your phone back off when time is up). Find The Right Study Setting One of the most important steps in learning how to study effectively is finding a study spot where you can focus and avoid distractions. Just like a good movie, setting is key. According to ThoughtCo, the top nine places to study include the library, bookstores, coffee shops, parks, empty classrooms, your bedroom, and community centers. Your study spot has to be something that works for you. Just because your friend likes to go to the library to study doesn’t mean that will work for you, too. Consider where you’re going to be the least distracted, and where you feel the most at ease. Maybe this is your bedroom, or maybe it’s a cozy spot in the student center. Part of learning to study smart is learning where you are the most focused. If you’re a people watcher, don’t study in public spaces. There is just way too much going on to really get into your work. The same thing goes if you’re a big snacker. Studying at a coffee shop can be a great, peaceful way to get work done, but if you’re just going to keep getting up to buy cookies and chugging caffeine the whole time, maybe it isn’t the best study spot. Likewise, if you have noisy roommates or your friends are constantly popping by, your bedroom might not work, either. Wherever your study spot is, comfort is key. If you’re not comfortable, you’re just going to start shifting around and getting distracted trying to find a better position. Once you’ve found that study spot, it’s time to get organized and form some great study habits. Organize Your Study Space Once you have your setting in mind, it’s time to get organized. Staying organized is incredibly beneficial for your mind and, more importantly, your productivity. Your workspace is ultimately a reflection of your study habits. The more organized your space is, the less distractions there are, which means more study time and less of that other stuff. You know, the stuff you do to kill time and procrastinate. The first thing you need is enough space on your desk to lay out your textbooks, assignment materials, and anything else that might be relevant. If you don’t have space, you’re going to end up spending more time figuring out where things will stay than actually studying. Make sure you have all of your materials on hand as well. If you start looking for things as you go, you’ll increase your chances of being distracted, which makes it harder to get back on track when you go back to your study notes. To prepare for your study session, gather all of the materials you think you’ll need ahead of time, and put it all together in a container. This way, you can reach for things as you need them without digging around. Time Management: The Downfall of Many College Students Okay, so you’ve organized your desk or work space and you’re ready for the next step in learning how to study effectively. That would be time management. Even just hearing those words is enough to make people shudder, but the truth is this is a necessary study skill that you will use for the rest of your life. You may as well nail it down now, while you’re learning in school. Use a Physical Calendar or Wall Planner For Your Study Schedule You may think it’s easier to keep track of everything on your phone or iCal, but having everything laid out in a physical calendar you can hang on your wall can help you visualize and plan. It’s really easy to miss tasks and reminders when you’re relying only on your phone. A wall or desk planner is a useful tool for creating a study schedule that gives you enough time for breaks and a social life in between. This tells you exactly when your study time is, and helps you plan out everything you need to do. Guess what? Those rewards that we were talking about before can be added to your study schedule too, so you have a goal you know you’re working towards. But don’t let your rewards take over the rest of your planning. Tips and Tricks to Help With Time Management Here are some helpful time management tips and tricks that you may want to use: ? Don’t try to multitask. This negatively affects your ability to focus on the task at hand. ? Avoid leaving everything to the last minute. ? Set study time limits for each task and use a timer to stay on track. ? Get enough sleep. Your body needs a good amount of sleep to be able to concentrate and work to its fullest potential. ? Relax! That’s what breaks are for. ? Don’t overcommit yourself and let your study schedule suffer. If you don’t have time for something, you don’t have time for it. Just say no. ? Make a checklist. This tells you what you still have left to do, and you’ll feel a sense of accomplishment and pride when you check things off. Study Smart: Lay it All Out Lay out each individual task for each exam or assignment. Don’t just write “study for history paper.” Write down each book you need to read, which notes you have to go over, and when the due dates are. Try to estimate how much time it takes to do each thing so you can effectively include it in your study schedule. If you have certain exams or class subjects that you know will need more study time than others, this is how you can determine where to prioritize. When you visualize how much work you actually have to do, this can help with time management. It’s one thing to know which tests you have and when your exams are, but it’s another thing to actually see it and realize how much study time you’ll need to set aside for each test. An important thing to note is don’t leave your biggest goal for the last thing in your study schedule or your checklist. You may want to put a bunch of little things first so you have more to check off and can feel more accomplished, but if you leave those big things until the end you’re more likely to feel overwhelmed than anything. Mnemonic Devices Mnemonic Devices are a common way for people to study material and remember information. They can come in a variety of forms, such as acronyms, rhymes, and songs. In fact, you’ve probably used them at least once before. Have you ever stopped to use Roy G. Biv to list out the colors of the rainbow? That is a mnemonic device. What about SOHCAHTOA from high school math class? That’s another common one. Make up your own mnemonic device to help you remember important concepts or the order of things that you know are going to be on your exam. Poems and songs are most effective because they trigger the acoustic encoding in our brains and last longer in our memories. That’s why you’ve always got a song stuck in your head. Let’s try and get the right song stuck in there. Using Study Groups Another way to learn how to study effectively is to use study groups, but only if they work for you. Study groups aren’t the right fit for everyone. If you’re an easily distracted social butterfly and would be tempted to chat, you could end up breaking everyone else’s study habits, too. Some people prefer to study alone, and if that is what makes you study more effectively, then you should stick to that. The Advantages of Studying Together One of the best aspects of a study group is having other people there who are in the same situation as you. Not only do those other people help you stay in the study zone, but you can also use them as tools. Other people can help you stay focused because you’re all accountable together. They can also help you with your study notes and fill in any gaps you may have missed from class. Try quizzing each other. Quizzing one another and taking practice tests are great ways to really tell if you’ve learned the material or are ready to actually take the exam. You could have a family member or friend quiz you, but it’s easier when it comes from someone in your actual class who is also trying to learn the material. How to Find A Study Group Creating or joining a study group isn’t hard when you approach it the right way. Ask the people in your class if they’d like to study with you. This could be a brief chit chat as everyone is packing up to leave, or settling in before the professor arrives. You could also start a Facebook group and find people in your class who you may not speak to otherwise, and then use Facebook to coordinate meeting times. Check out our blog on how to organize a study group for more tips and pointers. If you want to know if there are already study groups that you can join, just ask around. Talk to someone at your student center. Sometimes they have resources you can use to make connections and join in on group study sessions. Ask classmates what they do to study and see if they already have a group they’d be willing to let you join. Speak up and you will find it. What the Science Says There are some scientific methods to studying that have been shown through academic research to help you learn how to study effectively and improve test scores. Here are some of the most effective and well known methods that you can try. The Feynman Notebook Method If you’ve ever watched the Big Bang Theory, you know who Richard Feynman is. He is a physics god â€" one of the most important physicists in history and a Nobel Prize winner. Well, Feynman developed a technique for learning difficult or confusing concepts that can help your study skills. The Feynman Technique, also known as the Feynman Notebook Method, begins with a blank notebook. On the title page, he would write, “Notebook of Things I Don’t Know About.” Then, at the top of each page, he would write a topic he wasn’t familiar with. Next, he’d write everything he knew about that topic, and then would continue to add to the page in his own words when he learned more about it. The point of this is to explain complex material in ways that make sense to you. Then, you can go back during your study session and review the areas where you know you’re having trouble. The Pomodoro Technique The Pomodoro Technique, developed by Francesco Cirillo, is a time management method where you use a timer to break down study sessions into intervals. Each interval is called a pomodoro, and there is a small break between each one. Think of it like reps of weights at the gym. Four pomodoros generally make up one study session for one specific task. You can take a bigger break after four pomodoros if you’re ready to move on to the next task. At Homework Help Global, we strive to provide as much help as we can to students who need it most. To learn more about the Pomodoro Technique, check out episode 13 of The Homework Help Show. In this episode, our host, Cath Anne, digs into developing good study habits using this method for productivity. The Leitner System Named after Sebastian Leitner, who developed the system, The Leitner System is essentially the use of flashcards for studying. This is a good technique to help your study skills because it boosts memorization and cognitive function. Many of us are familiar with using flashcards, but with the Leitner System, the goal is to keep the flashcards simple and straightforward so it’s easy to focus on certain concepts. Active Recall Active Recall is simple, but effective. It’s all about stimulating your brain while you’re reading or studying the material to promote long-term memory. After every section or chapter you read, close your book and review what you just read. Repeat to yourself some of the important information you just read. This way, instead of just reading something and forgetting it, you’re now actively learning it and will actually know it when it comes time to take your exam. Not really sure what this means? That’s what we’re here for. To learn more about Active Recall, watch episode 40 of the Homework Help Show where, Cath Anne puts it in context and tells you how to incorporate it with your study habits. Acing Exam Preparation Okay, so you’ve gotten the gist of how to study effectively and now the big day is right around the corner. When it comes time to get ready for your exam, you might want to consider some extra preparation tips to be as prepared as possible. ? Plan out exam day. The last thing you want to do is be rushing around and building up your anxiety about getting there on time. ? Bring water with you and stay hydrated. ? Don’t wake up and roll out of bed for a morning exam. Wake up early to give your brain time to kick into high gear. ? Collect all of the materials you need, such as pens or pencils, and bring extras just incase. ? Eat a healthy breakfast. ? Don’t forget your student card and ID. ? Slow down and breathe. You’ve got this! Cramming and Last-Minute Studying Don’t Work You shouldn’t leave everything to the last minute, but sometimes things come up and it happens. In fact, some people do believe that they study better when they cram. If you’re starting to run out of study time, you may feel like you need to have some tricks up your sleeve in preparation, but it’s not going to work the way you want it to. Learning how to study effectively in crunch time is nearly impossible. You need to give your brain time to process the information. If you run out of study time and are in a rush to get everything crammed in, often you’ll end up focusing on how you’re running out of time and forgetting what you crammed. In fact, cramming in a study session can actually cause more harm than good. Use your study schedule and plan out your time management and you won’t have to cram in the first place. Helpful (And Free) Study Apps Where would we be without smartphone apps? Since you can find an app for almost anything, it’s no surprise there are plenty of apps for Android and iPhone that can help you learn how to study better and improve your study habits. Here are some of the top rated apps. Evernote: This is a helpful app for taking notes, as it lets you add your own attachments, audio clips, and even checklists to your class notes. The free version lets you connect two different devices, so you can take notes on your laptop in class and then see them later on your phone. Quizlet For Mobile: The goal of Quizlet is to help you study smart. With the free version, you can create interactive quizzes and flashcards that can help you with learning new subjects or nailing down your material. MyStudyLife: Essentially, this is a calendar app designed specifically for students to help you keep track of assignments, due dates, classes, and other projects. It can work in conjunction with your wall planner so you can check your schedule while you’re on the go. SimpleMind: A good study tip is to create a mind map to go over what you already know and what topics you need to spend more time on. The SimpleMind app helps you create those mind maps and see them in a nice, visually appealing way. If you want to learn about more apps that can help make your overall life easier as a college student outside of learning how to study effectively, check out our favorite apps for college students. There’s always an app for everyone. Exercising and Your Brain Boost your brainpower and prep for studying by exercising beforehand. Getting some exercise pumps more oxygen to your brain, which can in turn stimulate it and help it function. This can also help your brain release more hormones, which stimulate cell growth. When it comes to learning new things or remembering study topics, that’s your goal. Just don’t try to memorize your material while you’re working out. Many students try to cram in a study session at the gym by bringing their notes and reading them while on the treadmill or elliptical. Give yourself a break and allow your mind to focus on one thing at a time, and sweat it out. Hit the books when you’re done. As a bonus, exercising and your mental health are directly connected. Exercise is shown to be capable of helping cope with the symptoms of depression and anxiety, among other conditions. So when it gets close to exam time and you’re feeling anxious or stressed, hit the treadmill for a little bit. Stress Relief in and Out of Your Study Sessions Exam preparation and tough study sessions can be stressful. The problem with stress is that it can have negative effects on the brain and can actually impact your study success. It’s okay to feel stressed to some degree, because that’s a part of life, especially during exam time. However, when you are experiencing significantly higher levels of stress, this can be harmful to your physical and mental health. You can lose your ability to concentrate, become depressed, and even suffer headaches or stomach pains. Try diffusing some essential oils or lighting incense (carefully) during your study session. Of course, you won’t be able to do this if you’re studying in a common space. But this can help you concentrate and de-stress. Taking regular breaks is also a good way to relieve stress. It’s important to make sure you are de-stressing in other ways, not just during study time. In fact, studying can also lead to unwanted stress for many students. Check out some of these easy ways to de-stress in college for some helpful ideas to try. A Few Final Study Tips Before You Get Started Here are some final study tips that can be helpful to remember as you try to make the most out of your study time. ? Stay hydrated while you’re studying. ? Eat brain food â€" foods that are high in protein, vitamins, and other nutrients help increase concentration and memory. ? Read about our favorite secrets for acing multiple choice tests. ? Don’t listen to music during your study session. Studies have shown that listening to music while studying can lead to poor performance. If you must have music, choose classical songs without any lyrics. ? Switch up your study space if you start to get bored. Figured Out How to Study Effectively, But Still Need Some Extra Assignment Help? We’re Here For You Sometimes all of your assignments, homework, and study sessions can pile up and become too overwhelming. That’s okay â€" we all need a little help sometimes. That’s what Homework Help Global is here for. We’re here to help you learn how to study effectively in any way we can. But when you’re out of ideas and motivation, that’s our time to shine. Homework Help Global is a network of highly educated, experienced academic writers who are on hand to help you with your schoolwork. Whatever the subject is, we have someone on our team ready to provide you with a custom paper, free from plagiarism and formatted to your specific requirements or guidelines. Order custom written essays and assignments, book reports, and even online exams. Whether you’re too busy with study sessions to write your assignments, or you have so much on your plate you haven’t even thought about studying yet, get in touch with us for a quote and to order now. We will help you make your life a lot easier and less stressful.

Bitcoin Is Becoming Too Stronger - 955 Words

Due to the rapid development of a cryptocurrency environment, the value of Bitcoin is becoming even stronger. Unlike other digital currency, Bitcoin is constantly showing its positive dynamics in terms of price and public acceptance. It becomes obvious after recent exchange rate increase, which is 1113.5$ now according to CEX.io. However, the ever-widening popularity of Bitcoin has resulted in more frequent hacking attempts towards cryptocurrency-related service providers. Cryptocurrency exchanges are no stranger to various hacker attacks aimed at activity disruption and virtual money theft. Being a major bitcoin pool, they are always subject to cybersecurity risk and threat. Breaking news from cyber security world Hardly had the†¦show more content†¦CryptoCurrency Security Standard can make a real breakthrough in the world of digital money if approved by the public. While this one-for-all security approach is under consideration, bitcoin exchanges are working their way forward. They are getting to grips with the hackers by all appropriate means. Caution is the parent of safety Following the lead of the most trusted and reliable platforms, one may define essential security aspects, which are obligatory for implementation. Multi-factor authentication Most Bitcoin exchanges employ this strategy to add another level of security to their systems and thus set additional barriers for intruders. To access the wallet a user needs to go through several phases of the verification process to be approved by the system. Authentication credentials include information about something a user knows, possesses and is identified by. Generally, the user identity is validated after providing a proof in the form of a secret token or one-time code together with his username and a password. Multisignature To make Bitcoin transactions safe and hard to intercept, it is essential to apply multi-signature approach. This technology requires the participation of several users while transferring bitcoins from one account to another. The transaction is finalized only when all involved users confirm it with a uniqueShow MoreRelatedThe Current Banking Industry Environment Essay1960 Words   |  8 Pagesthem a good reputation, and all have differentiation strategies in place to create competitive advantage for themselves. Using these strengths, the banks reduce business risk. A key relative weakness of these top four firms are that some banks relied too much on the US bank market rather than be completely global, which increased their business risk because now, if the market is affected negatively in some way, these banks lose money because their revenue diversification is limited. Other key relativeRead MoreMarketing and E-commerce Business65852 Words   |  264 PagesCase Study: Orbitz Char ts Its Mobile Trajectory CHAPTER 5 E-COMMERCE SECURITY AND PAYMENT SYSTEMS Opening Case: Cyberwar: MAD 2.0 Insight on Business: We Are Legion Insight on Technology: Think Your Smartphone Is Secure? Insight on Society: Bitcoin Case Study: Online Payment Marketplace: Goat Rodeo CHAPTER 6 E-COMMERCE MARKETING AND ADVERTISING CONCEPTS Opening Case: Video Ads: Shoot, Click, Buy Insight on Business: Are the Very Rich Different From You and Me? Insight on Technology: The

Persuasive Speech For Cheerleading - 791 Words

Thank you for your interest in PJH cheerleading! We are excited to begin a fun year with your cheerleader. PJH cheerleading has welcomed two new coaches to the family! Get ready for a fun-filled year, as well as a great opportunity to represent PJH. Practices: We are planning on having practices every Tuesday and Wednesday, from 3:15-4:30. We will meet in the front lobby prior to each practice to determine where practice will be held. Attendance: All absences must be discussed with the coaches. An excused absence is considered the following: illness, doctor appointment, absence from school, and any other situation approved by the coaches. Failure to report to the coaches, or continuous unexcused absences, will not be tolerated. Games:†¦show more content†¦September 28 vs. Bunger 4:00 Thurs. October 5 vs. Hoover 4:00 Tues. October 17 vs. Waverly-Shell Rock 4:15 Wrestling: Thurs. November 9 vs. Hoover/Waverly-Shell Rock 4:00 Thurs. November 16 vs. Central/Carver 4:00 Girls Basketball: Thurs. November 16 vs. Hoover 4:00 Tues. November 21 vs. Holmes 4:00 Tues. November 28 vs. Mason City 4:30 Tues. December 5 vs. Central 4:00 Thurs. December 7 vs. Bunger 4:00 Boys Basketball: Tues. January 23 vs. Bunger 4:00 Thurs. January 25 vs. Central 4:00 Tues. January 30 vs. Hoover 4:00 Tues. February 6 vs. Holmes 4:00 Tues. February 13 vs. Mason City 4:30 9th Grade Games Football : Thurs. August 31 vs. Iowa City West 5:00 Thurs. September 14 vs. Western Dubuque 6:30 @ CFHS Thurs. September 28 vs. Iowa City, City High 5:30 @ CFHS Thurs. October 5 vs. Waterloo West 5:30 @CFHS Wrestling: Thurs. November 9 vs. Hoover/Waverly-Shell Rock 4:00 Thurs. November 16 vs. Central/Carver 4:00 Girls Basketball: Thurs. December 7 vs. CR Kennedy 5:30 Mon. January 8 vs. Waterloo Columbus 4:00 Thurs. January 18 vs. Waverly-Shell Rock 5:30 Sat. January 20 vs. New Hampton 3:00 @CFHS Sat. January 27 vs. CR Jefferson 9:30 Boys Basketball: Fri. December 1 vs. Waverly-Shell Rock 4:00 Thurs. December 7 vs CR Prairie 5:00 Sat. December 9 vs CR Jefferson 9:00 Thurs. December 14 vs Waterloo Columbus 4:00 Thurs. January 4 vs Waterloo East 4:00 Tues. January 9 vs. Waterloo West 4:00 Tues. January 23Show MoreRelatedPersuasive Speech About Cheerleading773 Words   |  4 Pagesknocked down,† (Unknown). This quote never really meant anything to me until the day I discovered a sport that I came to love. Sometimes things come into your life that completely alter you as a person, whether they mean anything to others or not. Cheerleading is a life changing sport that teaches you a variety of skills, including hard work and determination. When you first join cheer, it can be an extremely intimidating experience. No one could ever really explain to you what to expect when you walkRead MoreInvestigating The Rise Of The Nazi Party During The Weimar Republic Essay2220 Words   |  9 Pageswhen Hitler was in power did favor the preservation of the Nazis but their persuasive powers and their ideologies depended on the audiences and people who were more or less susceptible to mass media and propaganda. No regulations or restrictions on mass media in a dictatorship like Germany, did help create effective popular support. In this source the authors evaluate the program that is used to censor any freedom of speech in China, at the same time we will learn how it exposes information aboutRead MoreDeveloping Management Skills404131 Words   |  1617 Pagestime? 3. Would the students start protesting even more if the principal stopped the newspaper? 4. When the welfare of the school is threatened, does the principal have the right to give orders to students? 5. Does the principal have the freedom of speech to say no in this case? 6. If the principal stopped the newspaper, would he be preventing full discussion of important problems? 7. Would the principal’s stop order make Rami lose faith in him? 8. Is Rami really loyal to his school and patriotic toRead MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 PagesCommunication 341 †¢ Nonverbal Communication 341 Organizational Communication 342 Formal Small-Group Networks 343 †¢ The Grapevine 343 †¢ Electronic Communications 345 †¢ Managing Information 349 Choice of Communication Channel 350 xiv CONTENTS Persuasive Communications 351 Automatic and Controlled Processing 351 †¢ Interest Level 352 †¢ Prior Knowledge 352 †¢ Personality 352 †¢ Message Characteristics 352 Barriers to Effective Communication 353 Filtering 353 †¢ Selective Perception 353 †¢ Information

Evaluation and Application of Thesis Free Essays

MMS DBA Student-Walden University Introduction Christopher and Towill in the article, â€Å"Developing Market Specific Chain Strategies†, developed the thesis that there are three feasible pipeline designs for supply chain (Christopher Towill, 2002). These designs resulted from the analysis of the relations between, demand, product, supply lead-times, as main factors in global supply chain, and, cost and agility, as results from the market requirements. Christopher and Towill adopted a notion of total cost that reflects more the unit cost than the traditional way of limiting cost to manufacturing cost (Christopher Towill, 2002). We will write a custom essay sample on Evaluation and Application of Thesis or any similar topic only for you Order Now Hewlett-Packard (HP) along with its early integrated process supply chain management has adopted that notion of total cost (Lee Billington, 1995; Edmondson Wheelwright, 1989). In fact total integrated inventories with retailers adopted by HP correspond to the quick response model developed by Christopher and Towill (Billington et al. , 2004). The predictable demand model may fit the decentralized incorporated system adopted by HP (Edmondson Wheelwright, 1989). Analysis and Findings Based on the assumptions that demand is either predictable or volatile, product is either standard or special, and supply lead-times are either long or short, and all are applicable in the global supply market, Christopher and Towill induced eight possibilities for the supply chain based on demand, product, and supply lead-times (Christopher Towill, 2002). The findings of eight possibilities based on the characteristics of demand, product, and lead-times specified is coherent to the mathematical combination formulae associated, the number of possibilities to combine three sets of two elements each. The analysis of these eight possibilities, in respect with agility and cost effectiveness, led Christopher and Towill to conclude on the representativeness of the three pipelines, lean pipeline, agile pipeline, and quick response model, as supply chain models (Christopher Towill, 2002). These models fit well the global supply chain for, an expected demand is either predictable or volatile corresponding to the two first pipelines and an unexpected demand requires a quick response, hence the quick response model fits that kind of demand. Christopher and Towill provided in that study examples and tables supporting the findings and developed a concise theoretical basis for the quick response model. The tables may have been supported with more mathematical concepts within the text. The research findings by Christopher and Towill in this study are intended for managers of global supply chain as a whole in order to achieve competitive advantage for their companies. The lean supply chain that applies the lean model to the entire supply may be a modern view of the quick response model developed by Christopher and Towill (Mentzer, Myers, Stank, 2007, p. 288). Applicability to HP Hewlett-Packard (HP) started to tackle the global supply cost related problems back in late 1980s, and implemented integrated processes (Lee Billington, 1995; Edmondson Wheelwright, 1989). HP company leaders continued research for competitive advantage through supply chain models adopting the concept of total cost and resulted in massive cost savings (Billington et al. 2004). The adoption of the total cost of the supply chain framework mentioned shows that the quick response model as developed by Christopher and Towill is consistent to the HP Company supply model at least for pioneering in viewing the cost of a unit not only in term of manufacturing but in term of supply, building and distribution (Christopher Towill, 2002). The electronic market is changing rapidly an d HP had since 1991 implemented a decentralized and incorporated system that allowed localized divisions to operate more independently (Lee Billington, 1995). This incorporated and decentralized system adopted by HP leaders is consistent to the predictable demand pipeline developed by Christopher and Towill. Conclusion Christopher and Towill concluded, suggesting that: Generally the preferred solution will be that predictable demand for standard items will be met via a lean pipeline probably fed from overseas manufacturers. Volatile demand for special items will then be met via an agile pipeline probably fed from home manufacturers. A third pipeline design is for quick response to top-up standard products for which there are an unexpected demand for specific colors, sizes, and volume. References Billington, C. , Callioni, G. , Crane, B. , Ruark, J. D. , Rapp, J. U. , White, T. , Willems, S. P. (2004, Jan/Feb). Accelerating the Profitability of Hewlett-Packard’s Supply Chains. Interfaces, 34(1), 59-72, from Business Source Premier, doi: 10. 1287/inte. 0103. 0054 Edmondson, Harold E. , Wheelwright, Steven C.. (1989). Outstanding Manufacturing In The Coming Decade. California Management Review, 31(4), 70-90, from ABI/INFORM Global. (Document ID: 289046). Lee, H. L. , Billington, C. (1995, Sep/Oct). The Evolution of Supply-Chain-Management Models and Practice at Hewlett-Packard. Interfaces, 25(5), 42-63. Martin Christopher, Denis R Towill. (2002). Developing market specific supply chain strategies. International Journal of Logistics Management, 13(1), 1-14, from ABI/INFORM Global. (Document ID: 196608131). Mentzer, J. T. , Myers, M. B. , Stank, T. P. (Eds. ). (2007). Handbook of global supply chain management. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications. How to cite Evaluation and Application of Thesis, Papers

Finance in Hospitality Industry

Question: Describe about theFinance in the Hospitality Industry?. Answer: 1. Sources of Funding for Businesses Service Industries:- The term funding can be described as offering financial support for any program, project, business or personal need. In the business sector, funding can be classified into two segments. The owners of the business can provide the required financial support from their own reserve. In case of companies, the requirement is fulfilled from the various reserves of the company. It can be referred as internal funding. On the other hand, external funding can be described as the funding provided by the outsiders, mainly banks, other financial organizations and personal investors. In most of the time, the businesses have to bear additional expenses for the external funding, such as, interest (Nyide et al. 2014). Various sources of business funding are discussed below:- Personal Funding:- As discussed above, business owners can fund the businesses from the personal resources. The owners can collect the fund from personal savings and other family members. They can also borrow the required amount from family members or friends. Most of the time, this kind of funding are used to be interest-free (Jones et al. 2012). Loan from Financial Institutions:- The funds are also collected through loans from various financial institutions, such as, banks, insurance, other financial companies etc. The owner has to convince the investors about the profitability of the venture for taking the loan. In many cases, the loans are granted by keeping any asset as mortgage to the loan givers. The owners have to repay the loan amount in terms of monthly, quarterly or annuals repayments along with the interest. Issue of Shares:- Fund generation by the issue of shares is possible only if the business is registered as a company. In that case, the entrepreneurs use to publish the prospective of the business and issue share in the open market. It must be noted that the purchaser of the equity shares are considered as owners of the company and the dividend, paid to them, is the share of profit, not any kind of interest. Income Generation Method for Businesses Service Industries:- Generally, the income of any business is used to be generated various means. For purpose of disclosure, these various methods of income generation have been classified on the nature of the financial activities. The business activities related to the generation of income, can be differentiated into two groups Operating and Non-operating activities. The Non-operating activities are further categorized into two groups Financing and Investing Activities. The methods of income generation are discussed below:- 2. Operating Activity:- According to the International Accounting Standard, the operating activities can be defined as the main income generating activities of an entity and other activities, which cannot be categorized as financing or investing activities. Incomes, generated from such activity, are described as operating income (Brtland 2012). Operating income is mainly earned from the basic or primary activities of any business. For example, for any manufacturing business, the operating income is the revenue, generated by the sale of manufactured products, whereas, for any service related business, it is earned by rendering service to the customers. The various sources of operating income are as follows:- Income from the sale of products or service, rendered Income from other activities, such as, royalties, discounts, commissions etc. These type of incomes are not the direct income but closely related with the operating activities Income from refunds, especially, taxes, if the tax was not paid for any financing or investing incomes. Financing Activities:- Financing activities are related to the capital acquiring processes. It reflects the amount of capital, collected from various sources and also the amount of expenses, incurred for acquiring and maintaining the capital. The main financing activities for income generation include two methods. The business can generate financing income by either equity financing or debt financing. Equity financing is the method to raise capital by issuing shares in exchange of the ownership of the company. The income from debt financing are generated by borrowing loans from market at certain interest rates. It should be noted that the income generated by debt financing is the liability for the business (Drury 2012). Investing Activities:- Investment activities are linked with the various investments made by the business entity in different type of assets. Incomes, generated from such activities, are called as Investment incomes. Generally, the term investment is meant to invest money in other business or deposit money in banks or same type of institutions. In business sector, investment activities not only include the normal investment but also the purchase of fixed assets or acquisition of other firm. The various sources of investment incomes are- Sale of equity or bonds of other businesses Sale of fixed assets Interest earned from loans given to other entities Dividend received for the equities of other businesses 3. Assessment of the Sources Structure of Trial Balance:- Trial Balance is the financial statement, prepared in the end of an accounting period for an accounting entity, by listing the closing balances of all the accounts in the debit and credit columns properly to check the accuracy of the accounting system of that entity. Though the purpose of Trial Balance is to verify the accurateness of the accounting system, it has been observed that there are many accounting errors, which cannot be detected from trial balance. The trial balance provides better results for ensuring the mathematical accuracy and detecting the single-sided errors (Mroczkowski and Flanders 2015). Sources of the Trial Balance:- The main sources of the Trial Balance are the various ledger accounts of the accounting entity, which have balances. The sources of the given trial balance are Credit balances of Capital A/c., Bank Loan A/c., Accumulated Depreciation on Fixture Fittings A/c. Trade Payables A/c. and, Debit balances of Bank A/c., Cash Cash Equivalent A/c., Furniture Fittings A/c. Trade Receivables A/c. Structure of the Trial Balance:- The basic structure of the trial balance is given below:- Accounts Type Allocated column in Trial Balance Assets Debit Column Liabilities Credit Column Revenue Credit Column Expenses Debit Column Profit Credit Column Loss Debit Column Capital Credit Column Reserve Credit Column In the given trial balance, all the accounts are either asset type or liability type, except the Capital A/c. Hence, the balances of the assets are allocated in the debit column and the liabilities Capital A/c. are listed in the credit column (Bragg 2013). Evaluation of Business Accounts, Adjustments and Notes:- Evaluation of Business Accounts:- From the accounting extracts of Faith Restaurant, it can be stated that:- The accounts are not differentiated into debit and credit columns The administrative and distribution expenses are marked differently, but the cost of sales, though being an expense item, not marked separately. There is no amount given for capital or any type of liabilities The profit and assets are different type of accounts, but in the extract these items are listed together The furniture fixture is shown at the cost price, but there is no accumulated depreciation account created for the asset Adjustments:- The adjustment entries for the transactions mentioned in the notes are as follows:- Capital A/c..Dr. 2250 [(25000-2500)x10%] To, Furniture Fixtures A/c. 2250 (Being the depreciation for the previous year charged on Furniture Fixture and adjusted with the Capital A/c.) Furniture Fixture A/cDr. 2500 To, Cost of Sales A/c. 2500 (Being the purchase of furniture, wrongly included in Cost of Sales, adjusted with Furniture Fixtures A/c.) Distribution Expenses A/c.Dr. 250 To, Administrative Expenses A/c. 250 (Being the diesel cost for distribution, wrongly included in the administrative expenses, adjusted with the Distribution Expenses A/c.) Note on Adjustments:- The adjustments entries, made above, is affecting the accounts of the business in the following manner:- According to the accounting standards taxation acts, depreciation should be charged on the assets from the first year of purchase. As, the depreciation was not charged on furniture in previous year, the profit of the firm had become overvalued and as the profit is used to be added with the Capital A/c., the Capital A/c. would also reflect an overvalued amount. Hence, in the current year, the Capital A/c. is debited to reduce it to the actual amount and the Furniture Fixtures A/c. is reduced also by crediting it for amount of depreciation, which should have been charges on the furniture previous year. The wrong entry made for purchase of furniture, has increased the amount of Cost of Sales, which in result has reduced the amount of Gross Profit, whereas, the total amount of assets has also become undervalued. Therefore, the necessary adjustment entry has been made to reduce to cost of sales and increase the value of furnitures. The last entry does not have any material effect on the business. But as per the accounting rules, the cost of diesel, used for distribution purpose, should be included in the distribution expenses rather than administrative expenses (Box 2013). Purpose Processes of Budgetary Control:- Budgetary control is the method, where the management uses to estimate certain budgetary goals, compare the goals with the actual performance and, if required, make necessary adjustments to maintain the budget (Jones 2012). Purpose of Budgetary Control:- The purposes for budgetary control are described below:- Better planning for future cost, performance and requirements of an enterprise Cost effective and efficient operations through several departments or cost centres Reduction of wastage and labor idle time Estimation of future capital expenses Amendments for the disparities in the budgeted and actual performances Centralization of the cost control system Increase in the total profitability by cost effective operation Proper job allocation and distribution of responsibility amongst the staffs (Marginson 2013) Processes of Budgetary Control:- The processes of any type of budgetary control include the following basic steps:- Preparation of Budget according to the requirements, policies and future planning of the enterprise, Comparison of the estimated budgetary performance with the actual performance of the project or business in a continuous and systematic manner Modification in the budget in accordance to the changes in the actual circumstances (Nunes and Machado 2014) Analysis and Suggestions for Variation in Budget:- Variation from Budgeted Performance:- The variation between the budget and actual performances are shown in table:- Budget Actual Budgeted Standard for Actual Participants Variance % of Variance Number of participants 20,000 15000 -5,000 -25.00% 000 000 000 000 Revenue 2000 1700 1500 200 13.33% Cost of sales -1500 -1390 -1125 265 23.56% Gross profit 500 310 375 -65 -17.33% Administrative expenses -200 -210 -150 60 40.00% Distribution expenses -150 -90 -112.5 -23 -20.00% Net Profit 150 10 112.5 103 -91.11% Many of the cost items use to vary according to quantity of the output. Therefore, the differences are calculated on the basis of budgeted standard for actual participants and actual amounts. The differences in the amounts are represented in the following chart:- The rates of variance for different items are also shown in the following chart:- From the above graphs, it can be stated that though the revenue earned from event was higher than the budgeted standard, the gross profit and net profit were significantly lower than the standard. It is mainly caused because of the drastic increase in the administrative expenses and the cost of sales. Suggestion for Future Management Actions:- As the business operation is related to event management services, the output should be budgeted in conservative manner. The administrative expense was not only higher than the budgeted amount for actual performance, but also from the budget made for 2000 participants. Hence, in future the administrative expenses should be estimated properly. Moreover, this expenses are more or less fixed type of costs. If, the output changes from the budget, these costs remain quite unchanged. The cost of sales uses to vary according to the output. In this case, the number of participants has reduced but the cost of sales has increased significantly. In future, the management should control the cost of sales more effectively (Whitecotton et al. 2013). 4. Calculation and Analysis of Ratios:- Calculation of Ratios:- a) Gross Profit Margin Ratio Paticulars 2015 2014 Sales revenue A 100,000 80,000 Gross Profit B 60,000 50,000 Gross Profit Margin Ratio B/A x 100 60.00% 62.50% b) Operating Profit Margin Ratio Paticulars 2015 2014 Sales revenue A 100,000 80,000 Operating profit C 10,000 4000 Operating Profit Margin Ratio C/A x 100 10.00% 5.00% c) Current Ratio:- Paticulars 2015 2014 Trade Receivables 9500 9200 Inventories 10000 8000 Current Assets D 19500 17200 Trade Payable 9000 9000 Current Liabilities E 9000 9000 Current Ratio D/E 2.17 1.91 d) Return on Capital Employed:- Paticulars Amount Capital Employed in 2014 F 35000 Capital Employed in 2015 G 60000 Average Capital Employed H = (F+G)/2 47500 Profit before Taxation I 5000 Interest on Loan J 5000 Profit before Interest Tax K= I+J 10000 Return on Capital Employed K/H x 100 21.05% e) Trade Receivables Period:- Paticulars Amount Opening Balance of Trade Receivables L 9200 Closing Balance of Trade Receivables M 9500 Average Trade Receivables N = (L+M)/2 9350 Sales Revenue O 100000 Trade Receivable Period N/(O/365) 34.13 f) Trade Payables Period:- Paticulars Amount Opening Balance of Trade Payables P 9000 Closing Balance of Trade Payables Q 9000 Average Trade Payables R = (P+Q)/2 9000 Cost of Sales S 40000 Trade Payable Period R/(S/365) 82.13 g) Gearing Ratio:- Paticulars 2015 2014 Bank Loan T 50000 30000 Closing Balance of Capital Employed G 60000 35000 Gearing Ratio T/G 0.83 0.86 Ratio Analysis:- The financial performance of the business is analyzed below on the basis of the ratios, calculated above:- The gross profit margin ratio is above 60%, which clarifies that the business is running quite well. But the ratio has declined from the previous year, which is matter of concern. The Operating profit margin ratio has increased to 10%. The ratio is quite low in comparison to the gross profit margin ratio. The current ratio is 2.17. It indicates that the current asset of the company is more than two times of current liabilities, which can be regarded as an ideal ratio. Return on Capital Employed rate is 21.05%. It explains that the owner is earning more than 20% on the invested capital. The business seems to be quite profitable for the owners (Muradolu and Sivaprasad 2014). The trade receivables period is 34.13 days, which can be regarded as normal average period for credit recovery. But for a restaurant business, the period is little higher than the average. The trade payables period is 82.13 days. The period is too longer for restaurant businesses. Though the gearing ratio in the current year has decreased to 0.83 from 0.86 of previous year, it is very high. It denotes that most of the business capital, invested is collected by debt financing. Recommendation for Future Management Strategies:- From the above ratio analysis, the following recommendations are suggested for the businesses:- The management should detect the reasons for decrease in the gross profit margin ratio. The operating profit ratio is very low in comparison to gross profit margin ratio. It indicates that the operating expenses other than cost of sales, are very high. The management should reduce the other operating expenses to increase the amount of operating profit. The trade payables period are quite longer. Though, it will not affect the profits of the business, to maintain proper business ethics, the management should repay their creditors earlier than the average period. The owners should decrease the amount of bank loans and rely more on personal funding (Healy and Palepu 2012). 5. Categorization of Costs:- The costs, provided in the information are categorized in the following table: Cost Details Type of Cost Reasoning Cost of Wages Variable Cost The total amount of these cost items are totally depended on the numbers of tickets. If the number of ticket varies, then it will also change accordingly. Cost of Printing Cost of Popcorn per Ticket Rent for the Hall Fixed Cost The rent of hall use to be paid as per agreements. The quantity of output does not create any imact on it. If the organizer cannot sell a single ticket, he still have to bear this cost. Electricity Bill Semi-Variable Cost In this cost item, there are some fixed amounts, which have to bear by the business as fixed costs and balance amount depends on the consumption of electricity and number of phone calls (Weygandt et al. 2015). Telephone Bill Calculation of Contribution and Estimated Sales:- Contribution per Ticket:- Calculation of Contribution Per Ticket:- Particulars Amount Per Unit Total Unit Total Amount (no. of Tickets) TOTAL SALES (A) 30 5000 150000 Variable Costs: Cost of Wages 10 5000 50000 Cost of Printing 1 5000 5000 Cost of Popcorn 2 5000 10000 TOTAL VARIABLE COST (B) 13 65000 CONTRIBUTION (A-B) 17 85000 As per the above calculation sheet, the contribution per ticket should be 17 per ticket. Estimation of Number of Tickets Sold:- The numbers of tickets, required to be sold, for achieving the targeted profit of 20,000, are calculated in the following table:- Calculation of the Number of Tickets:- Particulars Amount Per Unit Total Unit Total Amount (no. of Tickets) TOTAL TARGETED PROFIT (A) 20000 Fixed Cost: Rent of Hall 45,000 p.a. 45000 Semi Variable Cost:- Electricity Bill 7000 7000 Telephone Charge 1000 1000 TOTAL FIXED SEMI-VARIABLE COST (B) 53000 CONTRIBUTION [ C= (A+B)] 73000 Contribution Per Ticket (D) 17 Required Number of Tickets (C/D) 4294 Break Even Analysis:- If the selling price per ticket would cost to 14, then the Break-even Point in units will be, Calculation of Break-Even Point in Units:- Particulars Amount SELLING PRICE PER UNIT (A) 14 Variable Costs per unit: Cost of Wages 10 Cost of Printing 1 Cost of Popcorn 2 TOTAL VARIABLE COST PER UNIT(B) 13 Fixed Cost: Rent of Hall 45000 Semi Variable Cost:- Electricity Bill 7000 Telephone Charge 1000 TOTAL FIXED SEMI-VARIABLE COST ( C) 53000 BREAK-EVEN POINT in UNITS [C/(A-B)] 53000 The Break-Even Point in units for the selling price of 14 per ticket, would be 53000 tickets. Hence, it can be advised that the management should not go ahead with the concert, as it would generate huge loss (Kaplan and Atkinson 2015). Reference List:- Box, N. 2013,Accounting, News Limited, Melbourne, Vic Bragg, S.M. 2013,Accounting Best Practices,7. Aufl.;7th;7; edn, Wiley, US Brtland, J. 2012, "Entrepreneurial strategy v. accounting accuracy in calculating capital and income",The Review of Austrian Economics,vol. 25, no. 2, pp. 93-114 Drury, C. 2012,Management and cost accounting,8th edn, Cengage Learning, Andover Guilding, C. 2009,Accounting essentials for hospitality managers,2nd edn, Elsevier/Butterworth-Heinemann, Amsterdam;London;Boston; Healy, P. and Palepu, K., 2012.Business Analysis Valuation: Using Financial Statements. Cengage Learning. Jones, T. 2012,Strategic Managerial Accounting: Hospitality, Tourism Events Applications,6th edn, Goodfellow Publishers Limited, GB Jones, T., Atkinson, H. and Lorenz, A., 2012.Strategic managerial accounting: hospitality, tourism events applications. Goodfellow Kaplan, R.S. and Atkinson, A.A., 2015.Advanced management accounting. PHI Learning Marginson, D., 2013. Budgetary control.The Routledge Companion to Cost Management, p.9 Mroczkowski, N.A. Flanders, D. 2015,Accounting: to trial balance,11th edn, Cengage Learning Australia, South Melbourne, Victoria Muradolu, Y.G. and Sivaprasad, S., 2014. The impact of leverage on stock returns in the hospitality sector: evidence from the UK.Tourism Analysis,19(2), pp.161-171 Nunes, C.R. and Machado, M.J.C.V., 2014. Performance evaluation methods in the hotel industry.Tourism Management Studies,10(1), pp.24-30. Nyide, C.J., Zwane, B.K. and Nxumalo, B.H., 2014. Financial Accounting 1 Module II Weygandt, J.J., Kimmel, P.D. and Kieso, D.E., 2015.Financial Managerial Accounting. John Wiley Sons Whitecotton, S., Libby, R. and Phillips, F., 2013.Managerial accounting. McGraw-Hill Higher Education.

Samsung Ansoff Matrix and Generic Strategies free essay sample

Over the past few years the company has shown tremendous ontogeny. Indeed it is Europes largest low cost carrier and fastest growing airlines. Currently it’s operating more than 1,500 flights every day from over 50 bases and around 1400 low fare routes across 28 countries which connect 165 destinations. Now I am going to discuss Ryan air’s (RA) current strategic position by analysing its macro (external)and micro (internal) environment. Macro Environment Macro environment consist of those major external and uncontrollable factors that influence an organizations decision making, and affect its performance and strategies. Now, i am going to analyse company’s position by using PESTLE and porter’s 5 Forces. Pestle Analysis: This is mainly used to analyse the wider macro environment in which the business operates. The organisation normally have no control over PESTLE factors and at best should try to accommodate and device strategies around these factors or issues. Political factors: The political environment in EU has been stable, enabling Ryan air to expand its routes and activities successfully. We will write a custom essay sample on Samsung Ansoff Matrix and Generic Strategies or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The increase in Air Passenger Duty in UK in 2009, 2010 and 2012 (? 11, 12, 13 ) and the EU Airport Charges applicable from March 2011 have affected the operating costs of Ryan air consequently. The repeated European government owned Air Traffic Control strikes have also caused a huge loss for airline industry as these strikes forced RA to cancel huge number of flights. Ryanair also had to pay compensation to passengers based on EU 261 reforms. Economic factors The interest rates in England is 0. 5% which has a positive affect and will encourage RA to borrow money on low interest rates to expand their business activities. (buying air crafts etc. ) The high unemployment rate in EU and UK has resulted in less people travelling even by low-fare airiness. This has a negative impact on RA as the ratio of domestic flights in Uk has been decreased due to less disposable income. The economic instability in Greece, France, Hungary and Italy has resulted in low demand for air travelling, thats why many airlines are cutting their routes including RA. The social environment It can be explained by different demographic trends. Majority of the people living in UK and EU countries are individualistic and they prefer to travel during their vacations. A substantial increase in leisure travelling, student migration programs within the EU nations has resulted in an increased demand for low-fare airlines especially Ryan air. The free trade concept specially in European union, has made possible for Rain Air to earn some revenue from the business community. Technological factor Internet is the most powerful tool available to travel marketers. RA and its competitors have their internet-based reservation system which helps to increase the number of passengers. RA uses the modern aircrafts with new generation engines, which result in less emissions and less fuel consumption; and allows the company to move on through its cost reduction strategy. Ryanair has introduced online check-in and self services in airports for the passengers which has received a mixed response from the passengers especially people travelling with families. Legal factors The emission constraint set by the European commission and its activeness of monitoring antitrust law and policies, sooner or later will affect the RA strategies; as EU legislation on working time regulation and union recognition, could seriously threaten RA policies and revenues. Due to BAA airport monopoly, Uk Court of Appeal asked BAA to sell Stansted and Glasgow airport (October 2010) to increase competition; which has helped RA in increasing their market share by increasing the traffic at those airports which had declined due to BAAs high cost and mismanagement. Environmental Factors As for the environmental aspect, Ryan air is currently the industry leader in terms of environmental efficiency. As per requirement of Environmental Protection Laws Ryan air operates a single-aircraft-type fleet of Boeing 737-800 â€Å"next generation† with an average age of only 3. 4 years which are aimed at minimizing drag, thereby reducing the rate of fuel burnt and noise levels. The unit emission per passenger has also reduced due to the inherent capacity increase in the Boeing 737-800 aircraft. The new cap-and-trade scheme of EU for CO2 emission control can effect RA cost management based on the allowances to be needed in 2012. Now we are going to analyse industrial environment of RA using porter’s five forces. Porter’s 5 Forces The 5 forces are the environmental forces that impact on the companies ability to compete in the given market. The purpose of 5 forces analysis is to diagnose the principal competitive pressures in a market and assess how strong and important each one is. Threat of new entrants: The threat of new entrants is low. The short haul market is highly competitive as it needs high capital investment, special licenses and flight authorisation. Then the restriction or lack of slot availability makes it even more difficult for new entrants, to assess many airports. Any new entrant should have a differentiation strategy to enter and stay competitive in the market. The low threat of new entrants has provided RA an opportunity to grow and focus on the existing customers. Ryan Air has consolidated its position in the market with a brand differentiation as low-cost airline. The power of buyers: At present, the bargaining power of buyer for RA is medium/high due to the alternative options available and switching to another airline is relatively simple and doesnt imply further cost. Internet has made it easier for the customers to have an access to the latest low fare offers, provided by different airlines and do the comparison among their prices and services as well. Though Ryan Air has 7% growth in volume of passenger in third quarter of 2011 but they are not getting good customer service feedback and customers are not loyal to RA. So, RA should consider its other extra-cost factors like customer service, punctuality etc. to attract the new and retain its existing customers. The power of suppliers: The bargaining power of supplier is high. The suppliers for Ryan Air include aircraft suppliers, airports, fuel suppliers, catering etc. Boeing and Airbus are the only two aircraft suppliers. Ryan Air uses only single type of aircraft Boeing 737-800 and so faces high switching cost related to maintainability. Ryan Air uses regional airports which have low bargaining power as they are heavily dependant on one airline. Bigger airports where RAs competitors operate, have greater bargaining power. RAs policy is to avoid these airports. Price of aviation fuel is directly related to the cost of oil; RA controls this successfully through hedging. So rising fuel prices could not be a threat to RA in future. Threat of Substitutes: Threat of substitutes is very high as there are number of substitutes available to the customers. Induction of high speed trains and cars with low fuel consumption are the biggest competitors of Ryan air; as they have attracted the young generation in EU nations towards land transport which is easier to access and use. In Ryan Air’s case: Depending upon the price/performance ratio, passengers of airline can easily opt for the land travel substitutes like trains, cars or ferries. For e. g. the high speed trains in UK like Euro star are the main competitors as these trains give almost same services in similar budget as that of RA Moreover the stations are nearer the city centre than the regional airports (RA). Hence, there is no brand loyalty for RA. Competitive Rivalry: The low cost airline industry in UK is highly competitive and most of the advantages can be copied easily. There is no much differentiation on services among LCC; thus the main differentiating factor for RA is price. One of the main competitors of RA is Easyjet which like RA offers no-frills, short haul travel in low cost. So far, the direct competition has been avoided by mainly operating from/to different destinations; the moment the competition should become direct, there will be heavy pressure on prices, revenues and profitability consequently. Other competitors are Aer Lingus, Analysis of the internal environment An analysis on Ryan air internal environment needs to be done to assess the extent to which companys strategies are suitable to what is happening in its task environment. Micro environment This environment influences the organization directly. Firm has full control over these factors. For the analysing the micro environment of the RA, I will use SW analysis. SWOT This is an overall evaluation of the companies strength, weaknesses, opportunities and threats. Strengths and weaknesses are internal and can be controlled by the organisation while opportunities and threats are external. The objective of SWOT is to identify and convert the threats into opportunities and weaknesses into strengths. Strengths: Ryan air provides no-frills, point-to-point services on short haul routes which allow offering its low fares by cutting down the unnecessary frills like meals, video etc. The source-to-destination service cuts down extra service charges on connecting passengers and baggage transfer resulting in reduction of baggage losses. RA has earned a good repute due to its punctuality and in 2010 the rate of on-time departure was 88%. RAs aircraft maintenance cost is controlled by using single type of aircraft Boeing737-800 with average age of 3. 4 years. However its 374. 6 millions profit (2011), 8056 staff and a fleet of 275 air crafts displays its spectacular strength. Weaknesses: Ryan air has poor public image and had been involved in different controversies regarding customers dissatisfaction through misleading adverts. In different customer satisfaction surveys, Ryan air has been voted among the bottom players. The reasons for this also include unfriendly staff, uncomfortable seats, hidden costs, insufficient safety measures etc. Recently Ryan air has been accused for charging passengers for boarding pass. It has also been criticized for extra luggage allowance and higher credit card fee per passenger. After analysing its strength and weaknesses we can say that government policies in EU, different EU regulations like compensation for travellers for delay or cancellation of flights, CO2 emission regulations etc. ; recent economic crisis in some EU countries is worth mentioning, all these are a constant threat and can have adverse effects on the operating cost of RA. Else security threats needs to be addressed constantly and demand more and more effective steps to be taken, to maintain Ryan air s passengers volume. Moreover, to compete with substitutes like fast speed cars, ferries, trains and coach services throughout UK and Europe is a big challenge for RA as those services are also easy to access and economical for the customers. Fluctuation in currency rates is another issue which can directly affect the revenue earned by RA as it recorded foreign exchange losses of 1. 0 million in the 2010; due to the strengthening of the U. K. pound sterling and U. S. ollar exchange rates against the Euro. It provides four different growth strategies: Market Penetration, Market Development, Product Development, Diversification. Corporate Level Strategy (Ansoffs Matrix) Existing New Products Products Existing Markets Market Penetration The firms growth with existing products in the current market segment. For e. g sales, promotions, seasonal offers, royalty cards etc. Product Development The firms growth by targeting its existing market segment with new product. For e. g. apple introducing new ipad s. New Markets Market Development The firm targets new market with its existing products. For e. g. Tesco going to USA with the same products to capture that market. Diversification The firms growth into new businesses by developing new products for new markets. For e. g. Virgin introducing low fare flights by the name Virgin Australia. After analysing Ryanairs growth in the industry we suggest that Ryanair should use these two strategies: †¢Product Development †¢Diversification 1- Product Development keeping in mind the technological advancement in the airline industry RA should enhance its product development strategy by introducing Satellite phone in its air crafts. This will help in attracting business travellers; once find it beneficial, they will start travelling frequently by RA. . This satellite phone which also includes video conferencing will help the business community to have a continual communication or remain in contact with their businesses. RA can spread the cost by charging the facility from its customers. Strategic Evaluation and selection Product development Suitability Offering of satellite communication will increase market share and will especially help in attracting more business travellers. Acceptability Risk: medium- it may be expensive because of maintenance expense of satellite communication. Return : medium as it might take some time for business community to chose RA, solely for satellite phone. Reaction : mixed kind of reaction can be predictable. Feasibility Money: They have sufficient financial resources to support their product development. Other wise they can raise funds by issuing shares, as well as low interest rate can also help in raising finance. People time: RA can also outsource their new products saving enough time and minimising their operational costs. 2- Differentiation RA can internationalise by using Diversification strategy. It can be done by introducing long- haul flights into a new market. It means new product targeting new market such as India. Long haul flights that can accommodate travellers easily and are facilitated with all the required immigration facilities. RA has chosen Asian market and especially India because Indian airline is the fastest growing passenger market in major economies up to 18% in 2011. The life style of people in India is changing and buying power of the Indian market is increasing . Indians economy is stable and growing. Else India has got so many attractions for the tourists. While entering India, RA should acquire Air Asia to grow and plan for the long term. RA need to launch aggressive market campaign to reach out to new customers and to grow in the new market. Diversification seems to be the best suitable practise in this environment as airline industry has started to decline. Going to long haul in suitable and aligns with its strategy. RA can use its Boeing 737-800 aircrafts which new generation engines, which result in less emissions and less fuel consumption. Acceptability Risk: High as market (Asian) and product (long haul) ; both are new for RA. But this can be minimised by making an alliance with Air Asia which is experienced and dealing with both. Level of Though uncertainity exists but high risk – high return. Return : high. Adopting the new strategy is always a challenge. But it is expected that RAs diversification strategy will result in increased passengers volume and high profit margins; due to acquisition with AirAsia. Reaction : Positive. Customers are expected to be happy as RA will maintain its low fare strategy. It will create new job opportunities in UK and India.